How to identify

This is the most common small wader found along the coast. It has a slightly down-curved bill and a distinctive black belly patch when in its breeding plumage. It feeds in flocks in winter, sometimes numbering thousands, roosting on nearby fields, saltmarshes and shorelines when the tide is high.

Call

Dunlin

Patrik Åberg / xeno-canto

Key features to look out for

  • Plain brown-grey on top, with a white chest
  • Jet-black legs
  • Downcurved bill

Conservation status

Dunlin were added to the Red List in 2021, as their wintering populations in the UK have massively decreased. They’ve declined by 20% globally since the early 2000s.

Where and when to see them

Difficulty rating - Medium

Most estuaries and bays around the UK are a great place to spot Dunlins from late summer through to spring. The Mersey Estuary in England holds the highest number of Dunlins in the UK – with up to 50,000 birds making the most of the mudflats. 

Key

  1. Resident
  2. Passage
  3. Summer
  4. Winter
* This map is intended as a guide. It shows general distribution rather than detailed, localised populations.
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec

Where best to see them

Behaviour

A small number of Dunlins breed in the UK, but in the winter months, our populations are boosted by breeders further north. When they first arrive on their overwintering sites, you may be able to spot some black feathers on their bellies – remnants of their breeding plumage. The UK’s mudflats in bays and river estuaries are vital habitat for birds like the Dunlin. As the tides recedes, it leaves muddy feeding areas exposed behind.  

Dunlin, on artificial lagoon
Dunlin
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Key facts