From tiny Merlins to enormous White-tailed Eagles, the UK’s birds of prey come in all shapes and sizes. These masterful predators are a real treat to see, but they’re often super-fast and many species look quite similar, which can make identifying them a challenge. In this guide, we share some simple ID tips to help you.
Birds and wildlife
Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinusGroup: falconsUK Conservation status:GreenHow to identify
The Peregrine is a large and powerful falcon. It has broad, pointed wings and a relatively short tail. Blue-grey on top, with a blackish top of the head, its obvious black 'moustache' contrasts with its white face. The breast is finely striped. It's swift and agile in flight, chasing prey. The strongholds of the breeding birds in the UK are the uplands of the north and west and rocky seacoasts. Peregrines were at a low point in the 1960s due to human persecution and the impact of pesticides in the food chain. Improved legislation and protection has helped the birds to recover and they have now expanded into many urban areas. But they are still persecuted – birds are illegally killed to stop them preying on game birds and racing pigeons. They also have eggs and chicks taken for collections and falconry. Peregrines are a Schedule 1 listed species of The Wildlife and Countryside Act.Call
Peregrine Falcon
Tomas Belka / xeno-canto
Key features to look out for
- The UK’s biggest falcon
- Blue-grey above and white below, with dark barring on the chest and belly
- White throat and cheeks, with a dark mask and ‘moustache’
- Jet-black eyes, with a striking yellow eye ring
- Yellow legs and base to beak
- Females are bigger than males, but otherwise they look alike
- Juveniles have buff-coloured underparts, with dark streaks rather than barring on the chest and belly
- In flight, Peregrines have noticeable triangular-shaped wings that taper sharply to a point
- Short, square-ended tail, which is sometimes fanned when soaring
What’s that bird of prey
Where to see them
Peregrines nest on cliff ledges, quarry faces, crags and sea cliffs, and have recently started using tall buildings, such as cathedrals, in urban areas. The highest densities of Peregrines are in upland areas of Wales, southern Scotland and north-west England.
Key
- Resident
- Passage
- Summer
- Winter
- Jan
- Feb
- Mar
- Apr
- May
- Jun
- Jul
- Aug
- Sep
- Oct
- Nov
- Dec
Where best to see them
Behaviour
Peregrines are famous for hurtling out of the sky at high speed to dive-bomb their prey in mid-air. They tend to eat medium-sized birds, such as wading birds and pigeons, but have also been known to take smaller birds, and even bats. In winter, Peregrines that breed in the uplands often move lower down to estuaries and coasts.