How to identify

Smaller than Blackbirds, Starlings have a short tail, pointed head and triangular wings. In their breeding plumage, they look black at a distance. When seen closer, they are very glossy with a sheen of purples and greens. Their feathers are also flecked with white and this is especially noticeable in their winter plumage, which is more brown with many bright white spots. Starling flight is fast and direct and they walk and run confidently on the ground. Noisy and social, Starlings spend a lot of the year in flocks. Starlings are fantastic mimics and can make a huge variety of tweets, cheeps, clicks and burrs. Still one of the most common garden birds, its decline elsewhere makes it a Red List species.

Call

Starling

Uku Paal / xeno-canto

Key features to look out for

  • Glossy black plumage with an iridescent purple and green sheen 
  • In winter, feathers are speckled with white spots 
  • Beak is dark in winter, yellow in summer 
  • Smaller than a Blackbird
Starling flock in murmuration over reedbed
Starling murmuration
Starling murmurations

One of nature’s highlights throughout the colder months are the incredible aerial displays performed by one of our most charismatic species – Starling murmurations. Learn how to enjoy winter’s best spectacle!

Conservation status

If you’re lucky enough to see a Starling murmuration you might think these birds are doing well. But Starlings declined by 57% between 1995 and 2023 and they now feature on the Red List of birds of high conservation concern. 

When and where to see them

Difficulty rating: Easy

Starlings are regular garden visitors and you could see them pretty much anywhere in the UK, except parts of Scotland. To be in with a chance of watching one of their spectacular aerial performances – called a murmuration – head to large roost sites like reedbeds, piers, and coastal marshes. 

Starlings are resident in the UK all year round, but their numbers swell in winter, when birds migrate here from Scandinavia.

Key

  1. Resident
  2. Passage
  3. Summer
  4. Winter
* This map is intended as a guide. It shows general distribution rather than detailed, localised populations.
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec

Behaviour

In winter the humble Starling puts on one of nature’s most spectacular shows. As the sun dips below the horizon, hundreds – and sometimes thousands – of them gather in vast flocks that swoop and swirl across the sky, like the avian equivalent of the Red Arrows. 

These dazzling displays are so perfectly synchronised that people once thought that Starlings could read each other’s minds, allowing them to twist and turn in perfect unison. Scientists have since figured out that Starlings have lightning-fast rection speeds, which mean they can mirror the flight path of the birds around them.

Starling perched on garden fence
Starling
Birds of the month

Head outside and discover fascinating birds each month. Read on for top ID tips, what to listen for, and where to see them.

Key facts