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National infrastructure planning: windfarms, transport links and more

Here we'll outline the decision-making process in England and share the ways you can get involved.

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Last updated: 2 July 2025

What is national infrastructure planning?

Planning for national infrastructure in England and Wales is governed by the Planning Act 2008 under an entirely separate system to town and country planning. 

National Infrastructure Planning in England and Wales is managed by the Planning Inspectorate (PINS) and covers proposals for public infrastructure, known as Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs). These include developments such as offshore windfarms, power transmission lines and major transport links.  

Applications for development consent for NSIPs are submitted to and registered by PINS. Prior to making an application, the infrastructure developer must consult with the local authority and the local community for the area in which the development is proposed. 

NSIP applications are determined by examination, which may be conducted by written representations or a hearing. Once an application is accepted by PINS, a timetable for the  examination process is published. Full details of all NSIP applications can be found on the National Infrastructure Planning website.  

Garden Bumblebee
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To participate in the examination of an NSIP application, you first need to register with PINS by making a Relevant Representation about the application. Find out how to participate in the process here.

What are National Policy Statements?

NSIP applications are examined and determined in accordance with National Policy Statements (NPS). NPS are produced by Government for each of the main infrastructure sectors – energy, transport, water, wastewater and waste – and set out national policy to inform the decision-making about NSIPs. NPS should state how the infrastructure concerned will contribute to sustainable development and mitigate climate change. 

Offshore windfarm
Top tip

Getting involved with an NSIP examination can be quite a commitment, with multiple documents and deadlines to keep up with. Friends of the Earth has produced this campaigner guide in relation to NSIPs, which will help you to understand more about what NSIP projects are and how best to participate in the process.  

Find out more

National Infrastructure Planning website 

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