Does development always require planning permission?

Last updated: 2 July 2025

Permitted development allows for certain types, or ‘classes,’ of development to be carried out without the need for planning permission.  

The Planning (General Permitted Development) Order (Northern Ireland) 2015 (often referred to as the GPDO for short) is the principal legislation that sets out all the different types of permitted development rights. 

Permitted development rights can apply to a wide range of developments. There are usually limitations and conditions which aim to control the impact of the development. The limitations and conditions are different depending on the type of development. If a development exceeds the limitations for permitted development (eg, if it is over a certain size), permitted development rights do not apply and a planning application will be required.  

There are some areas in Northern Ireland where certain permitted development rights may not apply or are more restricted, for example in designated areas such as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Area of Special Scientific Interest, Conservation Area, or World Heritage Site.  

Certain types of permitted development within a specific area may also be removed or restricted by the planning authority under an Article 4 Direction. An Article 4 Direction allows a planning authority to restrict the scope of permitted development rights either in relation to a particular area or site, or a particular type of development anywhere in the authority’s area. Where an Article 4 Direction is in effect, a planning application may be required for development that would otherwise have been permitted development.  

DfI– information on permitted development rights  

Information on when to apply for planning permission  

Note: information on Article 4 Directions can be found on the individual planning authority websites.