How to identify

Almost gull-like, this grey and white seabird is related to the albatrosses. The Fulmar flies low over the sea on stiff wings, with shallow wingbeats, gliding and turning to show its white underparts then grey upperparts. At its breeding sites, it will fly high up the cliff face, riding the updraughts. They will feed in flocks out at sea. They defend their nests from intruders by spitting out a foul-smelling oil.

Key features to look out for

  • Medium-sized seabird (45-50cm).
  • Light grey plumage above, white below.
  • A yellow beak with raised nostrils atop.
  • An oil-spitting seabird is a dead giveaway!

Conservation status

Fulmars are on the Amber list of UK Birds of Conservation Concern. However, over the last 250 years, North Atlantic Fulmar populations have actually expanded. More research needs to be done to find out why.

Fulmar, perched on cliffs edge
Fulmar
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Where and when to see them

Difficulty rating - Medium

Fulmars spend most of their lives offshore. During the summer, you’ll need to pick them out amidst a flurry of nesting seabird species along coastal cliff faces around the UK.

Key

  1. Resident
  2. Passage
  3. Summer
  4. Winter
* This map is intended as a guide. It shows general distribution rather than detailed, localised populations.
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec

Behaviour

In July, fearless Fulmars leap off their lofty nests into the open air to catch updrafts that send them soaring high up the cliff face. Catch the right day this month, and you might see chicks take their talon-biting first plunge too.

Flying Fulmars are quite the summer sight... but they’re also quite the smell. When threatened on the nest, Fulmars spit a foul-smelling oil at any intruder (including you!).

Fulmar, in flight
Fulmar
Wing Tips

Brilliant birds, month by month: what to see and where to go.

Key facts